1–WHAT IS THE “PASSIVE VOICE” FIRST?
The passive voice is a mode of sentence in English.In this passive mode the logical subject of the sentence is deleted.
For example:
***a-”My friends send me e-mails everyday”.——active sentence:In this sentence we know the subject;who sends me e-mails?:my friends.
***b- “E-mails are sent to me everyday”.—–passive sentence:In this sentence the logical doer of the action is absent.Who sends me e-mails? we don’t know!It can be my friends or my brother or me students…..
2-HOW DO WE BUILD A PASSIVE SENTENCE?
That’s very simple!Just have a look at the examples (a) and (b) above and you will have an idea.
In the first ,active,sentence you have ”send“.And in the second one you have”are sent”
LOOK AT THIS:
1*** Chomsky writes many articles on politics.
subject+ verb + object +
This sentence is “active“*****Who writes articles? Chomsky:
we have the doer of the action.
NOW LOOK AT THIS PASSIVE ONE:
2*** Many articles are written on politics.
subject + verb + ………
Now in this second,”passive” sentence,who writes articles on politics?we don’t know!
The logical subject is deleted-this means the real person (thing) who is doing the action is not clear in the sentence.
3-HOW ABOUT THE VERB?
What changes can you see on the verb?very clear I suppose!look again in the first,active sentence1,we have “writes“in the simple present.
But, in the second one,passive sentence2, we have “are written”
What happens then?Nothing dangerous!
We simply add the verb”to be” in the tense of the active verb.And we put the main verb in the past participle.
In the “active” example1 above the tense of the verb” writes” is the simple present.That’s simply why we have the verb ”to be” in the simple present”are” in the “passive” example2.
CONCLUSION
: To move from an active into a passive sentence,simply do this:
1-The object of the active sentence- many articles- becomes subject of the passive one.
2-The subject of the active sentence- Chomsky – is deleted.
3-Insert the verb to be in the tense of the active verb.
4-Put the main verb in the past participle.
NOTE: This is very important.
WE DO NOT ALWAYS DELETE THE LOGICAL DOER OF THE ACTION.sometimes we can put the doer of the action in the end of the passive sentence preceded by: ” by……”
This means what?
This means exactly that we can say in the passive example above:
“Many articles are written on politics by Chomsky”.
NOW LOOK AT THESE MORE EXAMPLES AND TRY TO
SEE HOW IT WORKS:1-SIMPLE PRESENT:Peoplepollutethe planet.
1a-The planet is polluted (by people).
2-THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE:People are producing more waste.
2a-More waste is being produced (by people).
3-THE SIMPLE PAST:Husband stripped women of their rights in the past.
3a-Women were stripped of their rights(by…….).
4-PAST PROGRESSIVE:In the twentieth century Western countries were making huge amounts of nuclear weapons.
4a-Huge amounts of weapons were being made in the twentieth century(by Western countries).
5-FUTURE:The school will award a prize to Rashida.
5a-Rashid will be awarded a prize.
6-THE PRESENT PERFECT:The government has taken many measures to reduce unemployment.
6a-Many measures have been taken to reduce unemployment.
*******THE PASSIVE WITH MODALS:
REMEMBER THAT THE VERB AFTER THE MODAL IS ALWAYS IN THE INFINITIVE
7-We should minimize pollution.
7a-Pollutionshould be minimized.
8-We must respect the rules of our school.
8a-The rules of our schoolmust be respected.
YOU CAN DO THE SAME WITH ALL THE OTHER MODAL VERBS LIKE:can – may -could- ought to – have to-must-will….
SO PLEASE GO BACK AGAIN TO THE EXAMPLES AND REMEMBER 5 THINGS:
1- The subject of the active sentence becomes an agent in the passive one:(by……….).
2-The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive one.
3-The verb “to be” is not the passive sentence;we ADD it and we ADD it in the tense and form of the original main verb of the active sentence.
4-You will see that in the examples about the “present/past progressive”we have:”being“.why then?
SIMPLY BECAUSE YOU HAVE THE MAIN VERBS in the “-ing” form.You have “producing/making“.
5-Like what I have said in”4″,you have seen that in the passive sentences 7a and 8a you have “be”(should be…/must be…).YOU KNOW WHY?Simply because the verb in the active sentences 7 and 8 the main verb after the modal is in the infinitive.THAT’S WHY YOU SHOULD PUT “be” IN THE INFINITIVE AS WELL BECAUSE:MODALS ARE ALWAYS FOLLOWED BY THE INFINITIVE.
active sentence:SUBJECT+MODAL +VERBinf+OBJECT.
passive sentence:SUBJECT +MODAL+BE+VERB pst part.
CLICK HERE FOR A LESSON
GO TO AWAL BOX ON YOUR RIGHT.THERE IS AN mp3 ABOUT THE PASSIVE/ACTIVE THERE.LISTEN TO THAT!
EXERCISES:
1a-The government should take measures to reintegrate street children into society.
1b-Measures…………………………….
2a-The parliament has passed new laws to reduce road accidents.
2b-New laws…………………………….
3a-People should check their cars before travelling.
3b-Cars……………………………………….
4a-The policeman fined the driver for not stopping at the red light.
4b-The driver……………………………………..
5a-The association has funded many projects.
5b-Many projects……………………….
6a-The government launched an educational programme in 2006.
6b-An educational programme…………
7a-Candidates must send their applications before the end of June.
7bApplications…………………………..
8a-The headmaster received the school champions.
8b-The school champions………………
9a-The cooperative awarded a prize to Rashida.
9b-Rashida……………………………….
10a-Many people believe that the local NGOs are not doing their work very well.
10b-It is …………………………………
11a-We think that terrorism is a serious threat to the whole world.
11b-It is………………………………….
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